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Glossary Constitution Of Pakistan Dr. Khuram Shahzad آئین پاکستان کی فرہنگ

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Glossary Constitution Of Pakistan Dr. Khuram Shahzad آئین پاکستان کی فرہنگ1787 "Grundgesetz" (Glossary) 1973 : Article 4. Right of Individuals to be Dealt With in Accordance With Law, etc. : : Pages 168

آئین کسی بھی ریاست کے لیے سیاسی، قانونی اور انتظامی نظام کو بنیاد فراہم کرتا ہے۔ قوم کی اجتماعی فکر اور تہذیبی سمت کا تعین اسی کی مدد سےہوتاہے۔یہ ایسی دستاویز ہے جو قوم کے ماضی کا ترجمان ہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ مستقبل کی امنگوں اور مقاصد کی رہنمائی بھی کرتی ہے۔آئین کے انہی اوصاف کی وجہ سے دنیا کے بیشتر ممالک نے اپنے آئین کی تفہیم کے لیے ایسی فرہنگیں تیار کی ہیں جن سے وہاں کے عام شہریوں کو جمہوری عمل میں شریک ہونے کا موقع میسر آتا ہے۔

  ریاست ہائے متحدہ امریکہ کا 1787میں نافذ ہونے والاباضابطہ آئین ہو یا برطانیہ کا غیر تحریرشدہ  دستور؛ جرمنی میں بنیادی قانون کی حیثیت رکھنے والا "Grundgesetz" ہو یا کینیڈا، آسٹریلیا، جنوبی افریقہ، اور نیوزی لینڈ کا آئینی متن، گویا دنیا کے تمام قابل ذکر ممالک آئین کی تفہیم کے لیے فرہنگ (Glossary) تیار کر چکے ہیں۔

 پاکستان میں سرکاری سطح پر انگریزی-اردوقانونی فرہنگ تو مرتب ہو چکی ہے لیکن’آئین پاکستان‘ کی فرہنگ دستیاب نہیں تھی۔ پاکستان کا آئین جو 1973ء میں متفقہ طور پر منظور ہوا جو عوام کے حقوق، ریاستی  اداروں کے اختیارات اور اسلامی اصولوں کی روشنی میں قانون سازی کے دائرۂ کارکا تعین کرتا ہے۔ اس اہم ترین دستاویز کی اصل زبان انگریزی ہے۔ مذکورہ متن کا اردو ترجمہ بھی موجود ہے تاہم آئین پاکستان کو اردو کے بجائے انگریزی میں تحریر کیا گیا تھا، اس لیے ابلاغ کی وہ صورت جو انگریزی متن میںسامنے آتی ہے اردو ترجمے میں اس حوالے سے کمی کا احساس ہوتا ہے۔مثلاً:

Article 4. Right of Individuals to be Dealt With in Accordance With Law, etc.  کا ترجمہ اردو متن میں یوں درج ہے:

’’افراد کا حق کہ ان سے قانون وغیرہ کے مطابق سلوک کیا جائے۔‘‘

جبکہ اسے ہونا چاہیے تھا:   قانون وغیرہ کے مطابق سلوک کا افرادی حق

 اس نوعیت کے دوسرے تسامحات کے پیش نظر یہ کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ جب تک مناسب ترجمہ نہ ہو  تب تک آئین پاکستان کو انگریزی زبان میں ہی پڑھنا چاہیےکیوں کہ انگریزی جملوں کی ساخت نسبتاً سادہ ہے، البتہ چند اصطلاحات اور الفاظ کی قانونی حیثیت کی بدولت یہ ضروری سمجھا گیا کہ ان کے لیے قریب  ترین اردو الفاظ کا انتخاب کیا جائے۔ چناں چہ اس سلسلے میں آئین کے اردو ترجمے کو بنیاد بنایا گیا۔ البتہ عام اردو قاری کی سہولت کی خاطر چند اردو الفاظ کی مزید وضاحت قوسین میںدرج کی گئی ہے تا کہ انگریزی زبان میں آئینی متن کو پڑھنا آسان ہو سکے۔

 اس فرہنگ میں آئینی دفعات کےزمرے میں استعمال ہونے والے انگریزی الفاظ کا جامع انتخاب کیا گیا ہے؛ ان کے اردو مترادفات سیاق و سباق کے مطابق دیے گئے ہیں؛ آئین کی اصل ساخت اور دفعات کا تسلسل برقرار رکھا گیا ہے اور ہر باب کے الفاظ الگ الگ اور منظم طریقے سے درج کیے گئے ہیں تاکہ انگریزی متن پڑھتے وقت اردو دان طبقے کا تسلسل برقرار رہے۔

 امیدہے کہ یہ کاوش طلبا، محققین، اساتذہ ، سول سوسائٹی اور صحافیوں کے ساتھ ساتھ عام شہریوں  کی تفہیم میں نہ صرف اضافے کا باعث بنے گی بلکہ سیاسی شعور کو اجاگر کرنے میں بھی اہم کردار ادا کرے گی۔

Pages 168

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Jason
Cuba, US
★★★★★ 5
Very good read. Depend upon it!
Format: Kindle
After reading Pride and Prejudice, I figured that I ought to read Austin's "Emma", too. It was a very good read and quite long. However one thing that kept sticking out to me was Emma's use of "Depend upon it!!". Unfortunately I must confess that as an anime fan, all I kept hearing in my head was Uzumaki Naruto's "Believe it!"—The English translation of his Japanese quirk, "~datte ba yo!"—and I would have a good chuckle. Now I picture Emma wearing a ninja headband and and I'm noxiously orange jumpsuit. Sorry. Now you can't unhear it either.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 4, 2026
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NenetteU
New York, US
★★★★★ 3
Good, but had to labor through this...
Emma was such a character who in my opinion, was a little bit too conceited - she had thought to know of the feelings of other people that made her feel very confident of her match-making skills; and yet, when these matches failed to be, she thought the failures were all her doing too! Just the same, as in any chick-lit novels, everything was well and as it should be towards the end. It took me almost three weeks to finish this book, and I questioned myself why. It just didn't have that pull on me that I sometimes found myself browsing the net rather than reading the book. It's always a struggle for me to read 18th century writings; I always have to go back and reread for a more thorough understanding of what's being said. This is my second book by Jane Austen, and I'm probably getting tired of all the ceremonious ways of her period. Still, I could not fault the writing, being from a long ago era and true to it; it also elicited `hate and like' feelings towards the characters which is a sure indication of good literature...But still, I labored through it...so three stars to be fair to Ms. Austen and to myself.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 10, 2011
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Ame82
Natrona Heights, US
★★★★★ 5
A timeless, elegant delight
Emma is one of those rare classics that still feels alive in your hands. Jane Austen’s wit shines through every page, giving us a heroine who is flawed, charming, and endlessly human. The world she builds is warm and vivid, full of gentle humor, sharp insight, and the kind of slow‑blooming romance that lingers long after you finish. It’s a beautiful reminder of why Austen remains brilliant centuries later.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 26, 2026
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D. Blankenship
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
AND MY WIFE THINKS SHE KNOWS HER AUSTEN! HA!
Jane Austen has a lot of fans. I am one of them. My wife is another. People have been arguing the merits of Austen's novels for quite a number of years now; some people love her work, others do not. This is as it should be. We can take this premise of love/hate Austen a step further though. It has been my experience over the years that there is conflict even among those who love this writer's work and that everyone seems to have their favorite novel. This is also only right. The problem is though that I have found people who read Jane Austen are also a very opinionated lot and quite often harsh words are spoken when discussing the strengths, merits, flaws, dislikes, etc. of Austen's various works. Alas, I have to report to you that this is the case in our household; a normally peaceful place filled with tranquility and marital bliss...about 49 years of it...thank you very much! Yes, we are a family torn asunder. My wife (silly girl) feels that Emma is Austen's best work, while I, who am far more knowledgeable of such matters, prefer her novel, Pride and Prejudice...of which I am sure most of you will agree....me, not her, i.e. my mistaken wife. (Emma, bless her heart, is such an aggravating little twit). Anyway, this is really not a review of Emma, the work (I will admit that it is a very fine read worthy of multiple readings ever few years), but rather that of the actual book edition on sale here. I felt sorry for my wife when I saw her ragged copy stuffed into one of her already overly stuffed bookshelves and felt a new edition was in order. I bought this one for her. For the asking price of this book, including S&H, I cannot for the life of me figure out why people are disgruntled and unhappy with it. It is very well bound, the font is extremely readable, the quality of paper is quite good, the dust jacket is extremely attractive and all the pages were present. I check the binding very closely when the book arrived, and again, for what I paid for this thing, it was excellent! Trust me...I know about such things. Hey folks, this is not advertized nor is it a leather bound first edition! This is a workable, useful book for everyday use. Now I have both this work and P&P down loaded to my Kindle. The chances of my wife ever using one of these reading machines are as about as likely as pigs flying next mayday. It ain't going to happen. Therefore, she now has a new hardback book; one that will quite likely outlast both of us; It did not cost me a fortune. She can read her copy; I can read mine and the war between us that has been going on since we were in our early teens can continue. Bottom line...this is a good buy. And I must tell you, my wife was delighted with it. Don Blankenship The Ozarks
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Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2011
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Donna Hill
Carnegie, US
★★★★★ 4
Timeless Classic With Lots of Surprises
I read Emma for an English class many years ago. I remembered that I'd enjoyed it and as I approach the big 7-0, I thought that I would read it again. Surprisingly, I found it to be more ponderous than I'd remembered it. Lots of beating a topic to death. Endless sentences (but then that's Jane Austen!). There were many days and nights when I'd fall asleep while reading. But, all in all, Emma kept me coming back to the story. Never wanted to give up on it. Emma has her flaws, but in my opinion she isn't half as bad as many reviewers make her out to be. She's manipulative but in the spirit of wanting the best for a friend. She enjoys matchmaking as she believes that this is the closest she will get to romantic love, that her duties to her elderly father preclude any romance for herself. Much of the joy of this book for me was that there is more to it than just the typical characteristics of an Austen novel--finding romance in a world of rigid class distinctions and wealth disparities. This book contains all of this, but also plays up the idiosyncrasies of people which have nothing to do with class or wealth--such things as food preferences, desire for home life over social life, aversion to certain types of weather, and a tendency to talk almost continuously about virtually nothing. These parts of the novel are some of my favorites because some of the characters with their phobias and addictions remind me of people in my family so it's a truly entertaining aspect for me. I was very pleased with the ending. Jane Austen ties things up neatly. She's not like so many of our modern writers today who are in love with the ambiguous ending (I've read many such books and have enjoyed them), but it's so nice to read an old-fashioned story occasionally and to know that it's all going to work out and that you may even cry as I did at some of the touching, romantic parts at the end (even though there was not so much as a kiss!), Austen has a way of communicating deep emotion. The couple can deeply move the reader, just in the way they look at one another or join hands. Even though the ending is satisfying, the book keeps us on edge and makes us wonder how it will all work out to everyone's satisfaction. Lots of plot twists and surprises. You'll feel for the characters and long for them to find love.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 12, 2016

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